A Brief History Of Ireland

The Republic of Ireland is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is the second smallest of the countries of Europe. It is located between the United Kingdom and mainland Europe, with its nearest neighbors being the United Kingdom to the north and northwest, and the Republic of France to the east. It has an area of just over 30,000 square miles (77,000 km2). The Republic of Ireland consists of five administrative counties and one city county. The Republic of Ireland was created by the Acts of Union 1800 which merged the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland into a single state, called the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The country's capital is Dublin.

Ireland has a long and varied history, and has been inhabited since prehistoric times. In the 5th century BC, the Celts arrived in Ireland from central Europe. They settled mainly in the south and southwest of the country, while the rest of the island remained occupied by the indigenous population, the Gaels. The Gaelic language, which had developed in Ireland, became the dominant language of the Irish people. The Romans invaded Ireland during the 1st century AD, but were expelled by the native Irish in the 5th century. From this point on, Ireland was dominated by the Vikings, who established settlements throughout the country. During the 9th century, the Vikings were defeated by the High King Brian Boru at the Battle of Clontarf, which marked the beginning of the end for Viking rule in Ireland.

The Anglo-Normans invaded Ireland in 1169, and were defeated by the Irish at the Battle of Mohill in 1172. The Anglo-Norman rulers of Ireland were replaced by the House of Habsburg, who ruled Ireland as the Lordship of Ireland until the 16th century. However, the Irish chieftains continued to fight among themselves for supremacy. In 1541, the last of the Gaelic chieftains, Shane O'Neill, surrendered his power to Henry VIII. This was followed by the Act of Supremacy 1542, which declared Ireland to be a part of the Kingdom of England.

The 16th century saw the emergence of the Protestant Ascendancy, which was based in Ireland. In the 17th century, the English monarchy introduced a policy of Penal Laws, which severely restricted the rights of Catholics. These laws were repealed in the 19th century.

In the 18th century, Ireland was united with Great Britain under the Acts of Union 1800, which resulted in the establishment of the United Kingdom of Great Britain. This union lasted until 1922, when it was replaced by the Irish Free State, which was an independent republic within the British Commonwealth. After World War II, the Republic of Ireland became a member of the European Union in 1973.

The Irish culture is strongly influenced by Celtic traditions, Christianity, and British culture. The traditional music of Ireland is known as Celtic music. The traditional music of Ireland includes Irish folk songs, jigs, reels, polkas, marches, waltzes, and ballads. The traditional Irish dance is also known as the jig.

The Irish people are renowned for their wit, humor, and sense of irony. The Irish language is spoken by about 1 million people, most of whom live in the Republic of Ireland. The Irish language is closely related to the Scottish Gaelic language.

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